overview
Hyponatremia occurs when the level of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte and helps regulate the amount of water in and around your cells.
With hyponatremia, one or more factors – from an underlying medical condition to excessive water consumption – cause the sodium in your body to dilute. When this happens, your body’s water level rises and your cells swell. This swelling can cause many health problems, from mild to life threatening.
Treatment for hyponatremia aims to correct the underlying disease. Depending on the cause of the hyponatremia, all you may need to do is reduce your alcohol consumption. In other cases of hyponatremia, you may need intravenous electrolyte solutions and medication. Hyponatremia Treatment in Hyderabad
symptoms
Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia can include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- a headache
- confusion
- Loss of energy, drowsiness and fatigue
- Restlessness and irritability
- Muscle weakness, cramps, or cramps
- Seizures
- coma
The reasons
Sodium plays a key role in your body. It helps maintain normal blood pressure, supports the work of your nerves and muscles, and regulates your body’s water balance.
A normal level of sodium in the blood is between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (meq / l). Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium in your blood falls below 135 meq / L.
There are many possible conditions and lifestyle factors that can lead to hyponatremia, including:
- Certain drugs. Certain medications, such as certain water medications (diuretics), antidepressants, and pain relievers, can disrupt normal hormonal and kidney processes that keep sodium levels within a healthy normal range.
- Heart, kidney and liver problems. Heart failure and certain diseases that affect the kidneys or liver can cause fluids to build up in your body that dilute the sodium in your body and lower the overall level.
- Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone Syndrome (SIADH). In this condition, high amounts of antidiuretic (ADH) are produced, which causes your body to retain water instead of excreting it normally in your urine.
Risk factors
The following factors can increase your risk of hyponatremia:
- Age. The elderly may have more factors that contribute to hyponatremia, including age-related changes, use of certain medications, and a greater chance of developing a chronic disease that ages in the body’s sodium balance.
- Certain drugs. Medicines that increase the risk of hyponatremia include thiazide diuretics and certain antidepressants and pain relievers. In addition, the recreational drug ecstasy has been linked to fatal cases of hyponatremia.
- Conditions that decrease the amount of water excreted from your body. Conditions that can increase your risk of hyponatremia include kidney disease, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH), and heart failure.
- Intense physical activity. People who drink too much water while participating in marathons, ultramarathons, triathlons, and other high-intensity distance activities are at increased risk of hyponatremia.
preventions
The following steps can help you prevent hyponatremia:
- Handle the associated conditions. Treatment of conditions that contribute to hyponatremia, such as: B. inadequate adrenal glands can help prevent low blood sodium levels.
- Requests. If you have a health problem that increases your risk of hyponatremia or if you are taking diuretics, watch out for the signs and symptoms of low levels of sodium in your blood. Always talk to your doctor about the risks associated with a new medicine.
- Take precautions during high-intensity activities. Athletes should only drink the amount of fluids that they lose through sweating during a race. Thirst is usually a good indicator of how much water or other fluids you will need.
- Consider drinking sports drinks during strenuous activities. Ask your doctor to replace water with sports drinks containing electrolytes if you participate in endurance events such as marathons, triathlons, and other strenuous activities. Hyponatremia Treatment in Hyderabad